A.i. artifcial inteligence (2001) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A.i. artifcial inteligence (2001) - Essay Example The robot is highly developed that can feel love was adopted by Henry (Sam Robards) and his wife (Frances O’Connor). Henry and his wife have a son named Martin who is unwell and ill. But when Martin returns home, both Martin and David are jealous between each other. Henry’s wife, Monica sends David loose in the woods as Monica thinks that David may be a threat. David is truly determined to find Blue Fairy who can help David to turn to a real boy to get back love from Monica. The science fiction movie Artificial intelligence was directed, written, and also produced by Steven Spielberg. The idea behind the movie Artificial Intelligence was originated by Stanley Kubrick. Stanley entrusted Steven Spielberg the proposed project. But in the year 1999 suddenly Stanley Kubrick died. Then Kubrick’s wife persuaded Spielberg to complete the direction and artistic control of the film. Steven Spielberg is regarded as one of the best known and influential film personalities in the film industry. The movie A.I. is based on the short story by Brian Aldiss named as super –toys last all summer which was released in the year 1969. ... Artificial Intelligence was released in the year 2001. Structure/ Form Artificial Intelligence A.I. is very much a visionary, complex, ad spellbinding film that helps to tutor everyone through the faculty of imagination and in the name of love. Maximum shot of the film was done in studio where the famous Flesh fair and Gondola sets were developed in the Long beach of the south Los Angeles and in the enormous Spruce Goose Dome. These sets were built in the year 1983. It was built to house famous Howard Hughes plane. Artificial Intelligence is cinematically wonderful to watch and tells emotional story about the robot child and quest for maternal love (Westfahl, 2005). The title of the movie perfectly blends with the movie. Normally Artificial Intelligence means a branch of computer science that develops advance software and machines. The whole movie is sci-fi and movie is about future machines like David which was created and can act normally as a kid. The title of the movie connects w onderfully with the theme of the movie. Artificial Intelligence movie was distributed by DreamWorks Pictures in international theatrical and Warner Bros. Pictures in USA theatrical. In the opening credits only movie name is presented. And movie name is presented in such a way that both words Artificial and Intelligence words are coming from sideways to join at a center of a screen to become A.I. It perfectly blends with the setting of the movie. The setting of the movie is futuristic. The film commences with a narrative after the catastrophic global warming that lead to flood which destroyed landscapes and thousands of population (Kowalski, 2008). The commencement of movie gives the view everything changed in

Drug Testing Welfare Recipients -- Article Analysis Essay Example for Free

Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Article Analysis Essay Jonathon Walters author of â€Å"Should Welfare Recipients be Drug Tested?† published an article on March 13, 2012 for Governing: The State and Localities that provided readers with several points of interest when discussing drug testing welfare recipients. Walters states in his article â€Å"According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, almost two dozen states are considering bills that require drug testing those either applying for or receiving public benefits, a policy that has been cut down in the courts before because the Fourth Amendment grants that every individual be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. (Should Welfare Recipients be Drug Tested? para 1.) This paragraph explains that states are having difficulty passing this bill because the government feels that it violates American’s 4th amendment. Walters brings up arguments from both a favoring side and an opposing side. Favoring sides would not want to give someone government benefits if they are using the benefits to support a drug habit and could save the government money by denying applicants. The opposing side feels that drug testing would come to a great expense to the government and rather than drug testing an individual who needs help because of their drug addiction other programs such as rehab would save money to local, state and federal governments. The author feels that both are good arguments. To further continue on the opposing side of drug testing welfare recipients; Walters explains that â€Å"Drug testing is expensive. Tests cost anywhere from $35 to $75 to administer, according to the liberal-leaning Center for Law and Public Policy. By their math, it would cost anywhere from $20,000 to $77,000 to catch one drug abuser.† (Should Welfare Recipients be Drug Tested? para. 4). On the favoring side legislators have a different calculation and use evidence that biometric screenings such as finger printing lower numbers of participation among welfare recipients. States that do not participate in finger printing have more people applying for welfare. Walters feels that this would be a â€Å"cynical† way of lowering costs. Opposing sides also feel by isolating those who are at risk, for example ex-felons may lead them down a wrong path again because applying for welfare is much harder, therefore, costing the government more money by putting them back in jail and providing them with treatment. Walters asks how will the government determine who receives welfare and how do we make sure that the wrong person doesn’t receive it? Technology will help determine that mistakes won’t be made. â€Å"The public, in general, supports providing help to those who really need it. In that regard, states and localities are developing much more precise tools mostly thanks to improved information technology to ensure that only those who qualify for benefits receive them (and, not incidentally, to ensure that those providing services arent gaming the system).† (Should Welfare Recipients be Drug Tested? para. 8). Overall, Jonathon Walters remains neutral throughout the article and provides detailed rebuttals for both opposing and favoring sides. He agreed that both sides had good arguments and in the end it would be up to America in the long run to decide what is best for its people. References Walterss, J. (2012, March 13) Should Welfare Recipients Be Drug Tested? Governing: The States and Localities. Retrieved from: http://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/testing-welfare-recipients-drugs.html

Employees Motivation Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Employees Motivation A business seeks profit by provided customers with goods and services (Schoell, et al 15). There are various types of businesses that differ according to their ownership. The three basic forms of private ownership businesses are the sole proprietorship (i.e. sole trader), partnership, and corporation (Schoell, et al 132). The type of ownership that a business organization would apply is dependent on the owner's financial status and objectives. Apart from the different types of ownerships, there are various styles of management and leadership. The organization's management and leadership style has a great effect on the working environment and the employees' motivation. The development of an optimal leadership style and managerial skills that is the most appropriate to an organization is crucial, having a major effect on its life span. The working environment affects the employees' motivation, which in turn influences the overall progress and well being of the organization. A ccording to a management consultant, called Peter Economy, "It all comes down to keeping employees enthusiastic and energized," which is accomplished by developing a leadership style that would endorse the ideal environment in the business firm (Buchanan 1). A Manager's leadership style contributes directly to the subordinates' motivation and work satisfaction, and the work progress in the organization. There are two types of leadership styles, one that is task-oriented and the other that is employee-oriented. A manager with a task-oriented style will have work results as his biggest concerns; and therefore, he will develop rigid regulations that would lead the subordinates into working their tasks, exactly as he taught them, to reach his desired results. On the other hand, the manager with an employee-oriented manner will be concerned with the employees' condition. This manager's objective is to boost the employees' self-esteem and persuade them on working together to help him in decision-making and on ways to solve problems. However, not all leaders develop a style that is an absolute task-oriented or employee-oriented, their style is consisted of different characteristics from each styles. Hence a manager would be referred to as a more task-oriented or a more employee-oriented, rather than solely describing him as either one (Schoell, et al... ...level needs. As these needs are satisfied, one pursues the safety needs. The safety needs are the needs for security, the protection from deprivation and from danger. The social needs come after the fist two needs have been met. They are the needs for affection, friendship and companionship. Once these levels of needs are satisfied, one seeks for recognition so as to satisfy his ego needs. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level of the hierarchy, the hardest to reach, and never completely achieved (Schoell, et al 293-4). Herzberg's two-factor theory is a further step of Maslow's theory. Fredrick Herzberg, who is also a psychologist, divided Maslow's hierarchy of needs into two sets of needs, a higher-level set of needs and a lower-level set of needs. He named the hygienes to be the incentive factors that would satisfy the lower set of needs (Schoell, et al 294). They are factors in the working environment itself, such as the working conditions, regulations, interpersonal relations, pay, and supervision. For example, (Bovee, et al 443). However, the incentives that would fulfill the higher-level of needs are called the motivators (Schoell, et al 294).

History of Physical therapy advancement Essay

History of physical therapy from past to present it continues to be an expansive area in medical field. Historically, during 460 BC primitive physical therapy techniques were employed and applied in diagnosing, treatment and management of the patients. The traditional primitive techniques applied involved massage and hydrotherapy in treating patients, which was advocated by physicians like hector and Hippocrates (Basmajian, 2000). It is therefore, from this primitive interventional approach in treating individuals with physical injuries that today techniques developed. America in 1924 witnessed a new dawn by formation of Physical Therapy Association organized by Mary MacMillan that today is popularly known as APTA (America Physical Therapy Association). This body (APTA) is vital organ in physical therapy related issues and development. In these historical periods, the commonly practiced areas of intervention to patients were in exercise, traction and message. The practice environment for therapists was only based on in – patient, but today has extended to out-patient accounting to over 63 percent (Basmajian, 2000, p. 10). However, with time therapists moved to out-patent orthopedic clinics, schools, rehabilitation centers and genetriatic settings as opposed to hospital settings. This marked new beginning in expansion of the physical therapy area of operation and services diversity. According to ABPT (American Board of physical therapy), lists several fields that falls under physical therapy, but emphasize on six major ones that are universally accepted worldwide. These areas are: orthopedic that therapists diagnose marriage and treat injuries and disorders involving the musculoskeletal systems and rehabilitation after surgery practiced especially in outpatients. Secondly, cardiopulmonary therapies that treats and manages patients after surgery or patients without undergoing surgery in cardiopulmonary disorders (Worthingham, 2002). Thirdly, neurological therapies focus on treating and managing after diagnosing patients affected with neurological disorders. Fourthly, pediatric therapies aim at early detection of health problems and treat disorders. Fifth, geriatric therapies focuses on the treatment and management of health issues related to aging old age like osteoporosis cancer and Alzheimer’s diseases. And lastly, the therapies of integument focus on the treatment of the conditions that involves or relate to skin health problems like would treatment. However, the areas of concern for physical therapists are not limited to the mentioned six but do extend to other relevant emerging special fields like clinical electrophysiology and sports injuries (Worthingham, 2002) Advancements in physical therapy A part for tradition practices in the field of physical therapy; the past decades there have been various developments that have facilitated change. For instance, in defined physical therapy as treatment by use of exercises and massaging to keep muscles stretched. I have no objection with this definition as it was appropriate and served the purpose at time, in fact to help to come up with a better definition. As effect with need for expansion and growing, needs to be accommodating in physical therapy, (Wyke, 2008), come up with physical therapy as diagnosis, treatment of disorders and injuries through physical means. This new devised therapy practices, but it also indicate the expanded view and perception and description of physical therapy in today’s world. Thus, the latest advancement in physical therapy was optimal treatment outcome to the patients by adaptation of psychological approach. The approach visualize optimal treatment outcome as a function of both clinical professional factors associated with therapist and the psychological factors associated with the patient. In order to achieve this, various advancements has been achieved geared towards making patient health care efficient. Introduction of sports, recreation and manipulation The introduction and use of sports, recreation and manipulation is one of the advancement witnessed in physical therapy that has really improved patient care. For instance, the cases of shoulder impingement syndrome are managed with a multimodal approach. Such patients no wards undergo a multimodal protocol intervention hat encompasses photospheres, rotator cuff and shoulder girdle muscle exercises, diversified manipulation and soft tissue, and finally return to normal daily sporting activities and work. The resultant outcome reports mo re than 68% effectiveness at the end of treatment protocol with follow-up of 4 to 12 weeks (Worthingham 239). In sum total, the use of soft tissue techniques like frictional and ischemic compression electrons electro modalities-technique like ultrasound, rehabilitation by are of exercises and manipulation is proved to be useful in improving outcome of the patient care, since it is more interactive and centralize patient centered care. Advancement interventions In diagnosis and treatment of muscular-skeletal systems like weakness pain and altered joint properties there has been major advancement in the area of approach. One of the main advancements reached include active assistance of joint range of motion, active assistance of soft tissue morality, passive joint range of motion, functioning multi – plane self graded strengthens, kinematic chain biomechanics and lastly PNF (Proprioceptive Neuro-motor Re-education) (Wyke, 2008) these aspects have been designed to achieve patient friendliness, encouragement of positive carry over between treatments in home based programs, improved patients ability to reduce pain by themselves by use of current end ranges of motions and lastly restoration of correct neuro-motor biochemical (Moore, 2007, p. 51) through use of AAROM (Active Assisted Range of Motions) The results to patient out some proves to be more than 73% effective with follow up of about 5 – 13 weeks. Whereas in neurology such therapies like constraint – induced movement therapy CCI) proves to be efficient in restoring functions in the upper extremities of patients with stroke. A dvanced administration and management Physical the rapists in order to deliver best patient care, they need to utilize knowledge and skill in administration or business management to be guiding framework for their work. Historically, administration has evolved since the 1999 LAMP document guiding on physical therapists administration. LAMP (leadership administration and management preparation) documented by APTA’s (Moore, 2007) can no longer be efficient to function in this era of technology and paradigm shift in administration skills. The basic six areas contained in the document include: examinations evaluations, intervention, diagnosis, prognosis and outcome needed to be integrated with business and technological domains in order to advance the field of physical therapy (Basmajian, 2000). For instance, many practioners find it necessary to use management software to standardize practice and facilitate outcome comparison. One such useful gad gets is the PTCMR (physical therapy computerized medical record). This system gather all the incoming information about the patients treatment and evaluation additionally, the system is for clinical research with incorporation of DCDC (Duke cardiovascular database) and ARAMIS (American Rheumatism Association of medical information database) that gives PTCMR with vital information through networks for research. Such aspects of standard physical therapy measures of important like pain, range of motion and strength are also inclusive in the system (effectiveness of the system refer to table 1). The system proves efficient by resultant of about 32% reduction of pain in patient with TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) which was tested. Additionally, there noted decreased ambulation as a result of management enhanced by PTCMR system (Moore, 2007).

Gd Topics

Every candle has its shadow. †¢ Has computer revolution lead to unemployment in India? †¢ Tube lights are better than bulbs. †¢ Red. †¢ Everyone likes it hot. †¢ India – Sustained growth is a mirage. †¢ Globalizations – a boon or bane? †¢ Advertising – A necessary evil. †¢ One can make a difference. †¢ Indian youth – unemployed or unemployable? †¢ Corruption is the main outcome of democracy in India. †¢ Life is an onion. †¢ Human capital of India. †¢ Blue. †¢ The impact of TV on society? †¢ Has election lost its importance in India? †¢ Prohibition should be implemented across India. Media is a mixed blessing / how ethical is media? †¢ Television news channels cannot replace newspapers. †¢ Film stars should not smoke in public. †¢ Foreign television channels are destroying our culture. †¢ Are we responsible for environmental imbalance? †¢ Quality is a my th in India. †¢ Indian villages – our strength or our weakness? †¢ Cricket is destroying other sports in India.†¢ Mobile is a social evil. †¢ Are women really safe in India? †¢ Are marriages becoming a business in India? †¢ India should have a compulsory military training. †¢ Does banning fashion show and New Year parties save our culture? Responsibility of Politicians in Today’s Politics. †¢ The costs of war are incalculable. †¢ Man exploits nature for his own ends but nature often has the last word. †¢ The IPL will damage Indian cricket. †¢ Gandhism is not relevant today. †¢ Reservation in the education institutions for the OBCs is a welcome step. †¢ The western life – style is harming Indians. †¢ India shining – myth or reality. †¢ The changing face of youth in India. †¢ Success is all about attitude. †¢ Multinational Companies: a threat to Indian industries. †¢ W ould we be able to use our mental faculties or completely dependent on machines?

What’s a Good New 2016 SAT Score for Your Target School

What’s a Good New 2016 SAT Score for Your Target School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You might have heard that a new SAT was released in March2016! What’s it out of? How do you know what a good score is? How do you determine what new SAT score you need to be accepted toyour target school? I'llcover all of this information below. New SAT Score Range The new SAT isscored out of 1600. There areonly be 2 sections instead of 3: Math and combined Writing and Language (instead of Math, Critical Reading, and Writing). Each of the 2 sections isscored from 200 to 800, making the new composite SAT score range 400 to 1600. Conversion Between the Old SAT and New SAT While we don’t yet know what the exact conversion will be, you can generally predict what the new approximate SAT score wouldbe by multiplying the old SAT score by 66.6% (since the new SAT isout of â…” as many points as the old SAT). If you're given separate scores by section (Math, Critical Reading, and Writing), you can use a different prediction method: Math section score + [(Critical Reading score + Writing score) / 2] In layman's terms, average Critical Reading and Writing and then add that average to the Math score. This method is more exact because it accounts for the fact that Mathisweighted more heavily on the new SAT(1/2 of your new composite score versus 1/3 of the old composite score). In 2014, the national average SAT score was 1497. Using the 66.6% calculation method mentioned above, I estimate the new average SAT score will be approximately 998. The national 75th percentile is about 1700, so the new 75th percentile score will be about 1133. The national 90th percentile is about 1900, so the new 90th percentile score will be about 1267. However, a good score is not just better than the average. A good SAT score depends on whatcollege you hope to attend. Colleges’ SAT Score Ranges and What They Mean for You To find out what a good new SAT score is for your target schools, you should look at colleges’ SAT score ranges. The score range shows what SAT scores admitted students received. Normally, schools show the scores from the most recent applicant pool, so the scores will likely be in terms of the old SAT (2400 scale). You'll need to convert the scores using the calculation above. The score range will be written in one of two ways as a 25th/75th percentile or an average. The 25th percentile SAT score means 25% of admits scored at or below that number (or 75% of admits scored higher). The 75th percentile SAT score means 75% of admits scored at or below that number (or 25% of admits scored higher). The average SAT is the average of all admits’ SAT scores. Knowing the score ranges will make you understand what kind of score you need to be a competitive applicant to that schoolsince you'll know what SAT scores admits received. Before figuring out your target, you need to figure out your target colleges. Make a List of Target Schools If you don’t have a list of target schools already, make one! This list should not include your safety schools. Asafety school is a college that you're almost certain you can get into with the SAT score and GPA you currently have. This list should include the more selective colleges that you hope to attend. You should exclude safety schools from this list because you want to plan your target SAT score for the colleges with the highest SAT criteria. If you meet or exceed their SAT criteria, you will almost certainly be admitted to your safety schools. After you have created your list of the more selective colleges, draw a table with 3 columns with the following titles: College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score Fill in your target colleges under college name as I did below: College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley Yale University Under the 25th percentile or average SAT, you'll write either the 25th percentile or average SAT score for that college. As I mentioned earlier, colleges will only provide you with one. Whichever they give you, write that number in the middle column (you'll need to re-calculate it for the new SAT, which I will explain in detail below). Under 75th percentile / target score, you put the college’s 75th percentile score (if they provide it). For colleges that only give average SAT, you'll be calculating a target score. I'll explain how to calculate the target score later on. How to Find Your Target College’s New SAT Score Range Once you have your list, finding those colleges’ SAT score ranges is very simple. You just need to Google search â€Å"[College Name] average SAT† or â€Å"[College Name] SAT 25th/75th percentile.† That will should lead you to the Freshman Admissions Profile for your target college. If you're unable to locate a Freshman Admissions Profile for your target school,check out our college admission requirementsdatabase to see if we have the SAT information for your target school. This is a screenshot from Yale’s admission site: Yale provided the 25th/75th percentile SAT score for their freshmen admits. To approximate the 25th percentile composite SAT score for the new SAT in spring 2016, you need first to calculate the current 25th percentile composite SAT score. Average the 2 lower numbers for Writing and Verbal/Critical Reading together (which separately represent the current 25th percentile SAT scores for those sections): (710 + 720) / 2 = 715 Then, add that number to thelower number for the Math section (the 25th percentile SAT score for Math) 715 + 710 =1425, rounds to 1430 (the SAT is scored in units of 10) Do the same math with the higher numbers (75th percentile score) to figure out the composite 75th percentile SAT score. NOTE: certain colleges call the 25th/75th percentile the middle 50% scores. However, the 2 numbers they provide are the 25th/75th percentile scores. They call it the middle 50% since the 25th/75th percentile scores represent the middle 50% of SAT scores of admits. Add this new information to your chart: College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley Yale University 1430 1590 As I said before, other colleges will provide you with only the average SAT score for admits (asUC Berkeley does): Since UC Berkeley only provides an average, you can’t know how many students scored above and below it, but let’s assume about 50% scored above and 50% scored below. Let’s do the same math as above to figure out the approximate average SAT score for the new SAT: (686 + 698) / 2 =692 710 +692 = 1402, rounds to 1400 Fill that numberin under 25th Percentile or Average SAT, and leave the 75th Percentile / Target Score blank for now. I'll explain how to determine atarget score for school's with averaged scores later on. College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley 1400 Yale University 1430 1590 How to Calculate Your New SAT Target Score For the colleges that provide the 75th percentile, your target score should be at or above the 75th percentile. (That is why I had you list the 75th percentile in the same column as target score. The 75th percentile is your target score!) For the colleges that only tell you an average composite SAT, I would aim for a score 100 points above the re-calculated average. For example, for UC Berkeley, your target score should be 1500. Fill in that number (the average SAT plus 100 points) to your chart under 75th percentile / target score: College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley 1400 1500 Yale University 1430 1590 Why can’t you target a lower score near the 25th percentile or closer to the average? A non-negligible number ofstudents are clearly accepted with those scores. However, mostof the students accepted with lower scores are special applicants, including athletes, legacies, children of significant donors, or students with exceptionaltalents (such as the winner of the national science fair). If you aren’t in the â€Å"special† category, you’ll want a higher SAT score to boost your chances of being admitted.The higher your SAT score, the more likely you will get in.For more proof, check out Brown University’s admission data: For students with the highest score (800), 22.8% were admitted, which is much higher than the overall Brown admit rate, 8.7%. As the scores begin to decline (score between 750 and 790), the student’s chance of admission drops by 5.7%, from 22.8% to 15.1%. The same pattern holdsacross the other twosections and the composite.You now know the higher your score, the better chance you have of being accepted. If you have a discrepancy in the â€Å"Target Scores† on your list (as I do above), which should you aim for? Aim for the highest target score on your list.That way when you reach the highest target score, you will have the best chance of admission at all of your target schools. If you get a 1580 and apply to Yale and UC Berkeley, you have an excellent chance of being admitted to both schools. However, if you got a 1480 and applied to Yale, you would now be less likely to get in, as you would fall short of the 75th percentile score and be in the middle 50% of admits scores. How Exact Is the Conversion? What Does the Variation Mean for You? It's difficult to predict how students will perform on this new test since there are many changes(the College Board has not released data on the March 2016 test). Thus, the new SAT conversions I've given above may be slightly off. Writing and Reading iscombined into a single section,Evidence-Based Reading and Writing. The types of questions asked havechange. There areno more fill-in-the-blank vocabulary questions; instead, there are more critical thinking questions. Math iswithout a doubt more important on the new SAT. As you can see in the conversion above, Math now counts for half of your score as opposed to a third.For this reason, thebest method for converting current scores to the new format is to add the Math score to the average of the Reading and Writing scores rather than simply multiplying the composite score by 66% method. The first method ensures that the appropriate weight is given to each section in the context of the new score format. Based on this change in weight, you need to change your SAT preparation plan. With Math being more heavily weighted, if you struggle in Math, you'll need to focus more time preparing for the Math section to make sure you have a strong Math score. If Math is your strong suit, you'll have an advantage on the new SAT. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! How to Plan Your Prep for the New SAT You need to have an excellent preparation plan to achieve your target new SAT score! Make sure you learn all you can about the new SAT. If you took a practice SAT and were unhappy with your initial score, think about taking an SAT class, hiring an SAT tutor, or using an online SAT program such as PrepScholar. Make sure the tutor or class/program is familiar with the changes tothe new SAT. If he/she/it is not, find help elsewhere! At PrepScholar, we figure out your strengths and weaknesses, and we personalize the practice to your needs. For more information, read How to Ensure Online Tutoring from PrepScholarTutors is Right for You? If you can’t afford these study options and/or want to try preparing by yourself, look at our study plan guides for sophomore, juniors, seniors and for students, who plan to study for a year or more. Stay focused on your goal, work hard, and you'll reach it! What’s Next? Worried about the SAT? Learn more about the content on the new SAT. Need help studying for the new SAT? Read our complete SAT study guide. Taking the test really soon? Learn how to cram for the test. Need help with your college application? Learn how to write about extracurriculars on your college application and get ideas to help you start your essay. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Canada versus China economic system

Canada versus China economic system Introduction Canada and China each have their own unique traits when it comes to their economic systems since each country’s system was a product of their history and their needs in the past.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canada versus China economic system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Comparison Both countries are considered well to do nations. Canada belongs to the top ten wealthiest nations while China is one of the top three largest economies of the world (Barboza, 21). Furthermore, both these nations cannot be classified as either communist or capitalist system as they contain different elements. Canada is classified as a mixed market economy while China’s economy has been called many things including market socialism and state capitalism. Economic freedom in Canada differs substantially from that of China. The latter country has been identified as one of the most preferable when it comes to economic freedom as government interference is kept at a minimum and start up procedures are some of the easiest and most convenient in the world. Business costs in the G7 have been described as some of the lowest in Canada. Foreigners only need about three days to start up a business and may only have to go through a two step procedure when doing so. Even the issue of corporate governance is given a lot of precedence in this nation. On the other hand, while China may be having a high number of multinationals located in the country, it still has a long way to go in terms of economic freedom. Government corruption still prevents it from reaching its potential. Furthermore, the banking system in China is yet to be redefined in order to make it more feasible towards the creation of some of these other systems. Additionally, corporate governance is a serious issue in China because the rule of law is not as solid as it ought to be (Starr, 54). Both countries were affected by the global f inancial crisis that started in 2007. It can be argued that this was because they both depend on the largest economy of the world (the United States) for trade. However, it should be noted that the extent to which each country was affected differed. Canada is more dependent on the United States than China is. In fact, in 2008, about 280.8 billion US dollars worth of imports were from the US yet its total imports amount to 442.9 billion US dollars (Statistics Canada, 48).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is the reason why its trade deficit transformed from a surplus of 46.9 billion in 2008 to a deficit of about 4.8 billion Canadian dollars in 2009. Things have worsened in the subsequent years since it is predicted that their debt will amount to 49.2 billion Canadian dollars. The country has been trying to gain autonomy from its neighbor the United States but thi s has been rather difficult owing to years of codependency. China was also affected by the global crisis because of its inclination towards exports. However, because its biggest trading partners exclude the US which was the most affected by the global crisis, then China has not felt these effects as much as their neighbors. It has still had to roll out a stimulus plan to get back on track. Canada’s economy, much like most developed nations is service based. Financial institutions and other similar organizations drive this economy hence explaining why it was highly affected by the global recession. However, the latter country differs from other developed nations because it uses conservative lending practices. It has been shown that Canada will possibly be one of the strongest countries to rebound out of such a crisis because of those policies. However, agriculture and the industrial sectors surprisingly account for a huge portion of this country’s earnings. This is part ly because Canada is endowed with a number of resources in mining as well as in agriculture. On the other hand, China is one of those countries that depend on the industrial sector rather than the service based sector for growth. The injection of government investment into this country caused the heavy industrial sector to soar over the past three decades. However, the light industries are also forces to reckon with since the private sector, which was promoted by the Chinese government, has continued to cause increments in output in the latter country. In terms of the type of economic system, Canada is a mixed system that is more inclined towards a market economy. Its population is basically very affluent and their living standards can be compared to those of the United States. Furthermore, it has a very skilled labor force and therefore this gives an advantage over and above other nations. Although the economy of Canada has been steadily increasing over the past four decades, these rates can in no way be compared to growth rates of China. The country boasts of having the highest economic growth rates in the world since it has managed to sustain a rate of ten percent for over thirty years.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canada versus China economic system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the reason why the country got to be one of the largest trading nations of the world. Rapid growth rates were achieved through government initiated reforms that started in the late nineteen seventies. Those interventions caused increased investment in the country and thus had a net effect on the consumption patterns or the standard of living within it (Alon McIntyre, 15). It should be noted that China differs from Canada in terms of its export dependence. China heavily depended on the presence of multinationals within its borders for growth much like other Asian tigers like Malaysia and Singapore. Th e Chinese economy which can be interpreted as state capitalism or market socialism was a serious product of interventions by its government. Currently, the government has been trying to open up its respective internal markets so as to increase its prospects but this is yet to fully produce an outcome. In fact, it may be said that China is still within the transition phase because it is now departing from government led reforms to market led reforms hence explaining why categorization of its economic system is a little tricky. The poverty situation in both countries differs substantially. Canada’s populace mostly consists of affluent individuals with unemployment levels reaching ten percent in 2009 (Sturgeon, 14). These people may be unemployed but most of them enjoy very strong social services and health care systems from the Canadian government so they are able to live comfortably. On the other hand, China has the same percent of people living and depending on less than one dollar a day. In fact the income disparity between the rural and urban population within this country is a cause for concern. This illustrates the one sided nature of the government interventions that were enacted by the Chinese government as it was trying to promote growth within its borders. China is currently in a position where it’s infrastructural and energy demands supersede its ability to supply them. The country’s big population is what is causing these problems because when a net analysis of the requirements to transport resources and to create products through the use of local energy supply is made, then China easily falls short. On the other hand, Canada has very solid infrastructures and is often seen as one of the most self sufficient in terms of its energy supplies. Conclusion Canada is an affluent nation while Chin is still grappling with income disparities between the rich and the poor. On the other hand, economic growth rates in China cannot rival thos e ones prevalent in Canada as they are very high. The business environment in China is more stable than that in Canada.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sturgeon, Jamie. Jobless rates to peak at 10 percent. National post, 13th March 2009, 14. Statistics Canada. Imports, exports and trade balance of payment. 16 November 2010. Web. Alon, Ilan McIntyre, John. The globalization of Chinese enterprises. NY: Palgrave, 2009. Starr, John. Understanding China: economic, political historic culture of China. Beijing: Hill and Wang, 2008. Barboza, David. China passes Japan as second largest economy. New York Times, 16 August 2010, 21.

A Sample of Amateur Writing

A Sample of Amateur Writing A Sample of Amateur Writing A Sample of Amateur Writing By Maeve Maddox At a recent writers’ conference I heard a successful self-published author say, â€Å"Readers are not looking for great writing; they’re looking for a great story.† Does that mean that taking pains over grammar, diction, and syntax is a waste of time? Certainly not! Just because readers are not looking for â€Å"great writing† doesn’t mean that novelists shouldn’t be expected to produce good writing. Few writers have what it takes to produce â€Å"great writing,† but even a great storyteller requires professional writing skills to get the story across to the reader. The difference between amateur writing and professional writing is rewriting. Here is an extract from a self-published work. The fact that the book was self-published is not so important as the fact that the author published it before it was ready. Here the author describes a church interior: It had hat shelves and coat racks along both sides. There were double doors leading into the sanctuary, which was plain but neat. There was a carpeted main aisle that ran from the doors to the altar. There were neat rows of oak pews on both sides of the aisle. Secondary aisles ran along both sides of the church between the pews and the windows. On the raised platform in front, there was an altar, a lectern, and behind that were two rows of chairs for the choir. There was a fairly new piano on the left side of the platform The excerpt contains ten clauses, eight of which have was or were for the main verb. It contains 101 words, eight of them repeated at least once: aisle/s (3), pew/s (2), altar (2), rows (2), doors (2), platform (2), sides (3), neat (2). Of the seven sentences, four begin with There and one begins with It. The sentence that begins, â€Å"It had hat shelves,† produces a double take in the reader because the â€Å"had hat† looks like a typographical error. One paragraph like this every hundred pages might not trouble a reader, but this sample is typical of the book. Word choice is unimaginative, and passages abound that contain nothing to connect the scene to the story. Here is a description written by a professional novelist (P.D. James). The setting is the interior of a clinic for mental patients in a building that used to be a Georgian mansion: Behind the reception kiosk and with windows facing the square was the general office, part of which had been partitioned to form a small filing-room for the current medical records. Next to the general office was Miss Bolam’s room and, beyond that, the E.C.T. suite with its treatment-room, nurses’ duty-room and male and female recovery bays. This suite was separated by a hallway from the medical staff cloakroom, clerical staff lavatories and the domestic assistant’s pantry. At the end of the hallway was the locked side door, seldom used except by members of the staff who had been working late and who did not want to give Nagle the trouble of undoing the more complicated locks, bolts and chains on the front door. I’m not holding the second passage up as â€Å"great writing.† It resembles the previous passage in some ways. The word room–alone and in compounds–occurs five times; door and hallway occur twice each; was is used four times. But what James does that the other writer doesn’t do is vary language and syntax and relate the description to the story and the characters. The first writer could have done the same thing. Whether readers are looking for it or not, few novelists are capable of producing great writing. Anyone who aspires to publication, however, should know the difference between amateur writing and professional writing. It’s revision. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical WordsDifference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"January 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

Growing Skywest Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Growing Skywest Airlines - Essay Example SkyWest Airline has a number of opportunities that it can leverage. These opportunities includes planes that can carry double or triple the capacity of the smaller planes , seasonal increase in number of travels, the company has its own fueling terminals which makes it enjoy low fuel prices, and the ever increasing cost in other means of traveling including car and train (Thomas, 2011). The company can utilize this opportunities to improve its market share as well as the profit margin. The following explanations illustrate a number of inroads that the company can use towards improving its profit. The load capacity of the larger planes predisposes the company to expand its market. The company can make inroads into the new market by promoting the services offered by these large planes. Presently, the company is leading in providing airline transport services to its consumers. Arguably, promotion would increase the consumer awareness about the existence of the planes. Further, the company can utilize the promotional opportunity to open its market. Marketing critics believe that promotion helps in improving the market brands (Palepu, et.al. 2007). Similarly, the company can tap this opportunity to not only market its services in the greater North America, but also improve the general market share. The large capacity planes can enable the company to enjoy the economies of scale. This means that when these planes ply in the same routes as the previous planes, the company would be incurring less production or maintenance cost as opposed to the use of many small capacity planes. SkyWest Airlines can use the pricing strategy as a marketing tool to enjoy a larger market share. As stated above the large planes have large load capacity, which makes the company to enjoy a big profit margin. Therefore, a move to reduce or use pricing

Technology Support System For Homeland Security Program Assignment

Technology Support System For Homeland Security Program - Assignment Example Former Senator Rudman views the department to be a needed â€Å"formulation† in spite of the existing of great Army, Marine Corps and Air Force (2003). However, in assessing the organization and mission of the DHS, this proposal sees the agency to be wanting in resources and capacity along the aspects of independent mobilization and focus of initiatives. Organizationally, the DHS has to correlate with federal agencies to be able to mobilize anti-terrorism initiatives; it also lacks the integrated mechanism so that the department can effectively interface with the anti-terrorism network of agencies within the bureaucracy. Thus, the creation of an Information Communication and Assistance Services or ICAS is hereby proposed. Specifically, the ICAS is a novel concept of a management information system which will link the DHS with correlated anti-terrorism federal, state and local agencies using information and communication technologies. It will also enable the DHS to directly ser ve the people at the grassroots level through a social Web site and a 9-12 quick assistance response system. If implemented with a budget request of 18 Million USD, the proposal will consequently resolve what U.S. President Barack Obama perceives to be a â€Å"systemic failure in the existing homeland security services (Newsweek, an. 11, 2010). TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR HOMELAND SECURITY Problem Identification The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States have greatly dismayed Americans on their vulnerability to terrorism at home. Beyond the great grief of the citizenry, the catastrophic event provoked an awareness of the country’s dire need for security. Describing terrorism as â€Å"a global, generation-defining struggle against an enemy of vast military and ideological power,† (Time, 2000), U.S. President George W. Bush ordered the setting up of a Department of Home Security or DHS in order to protect the nation from terrorism inflicted in any o f its 50 states. (50 States.com, 2012). This unprecedented move was intended not simply to enlarge the already existing security manpower of the United States, but to enlist the cooperation of partners involving all relevant security agencies, and the American citizenry as well. The potential threats are many, ranging from home-made bombs to ballistic missiles hurled from concealed sites thousands of miles away. The tools of terrorism also vary from simple devises hidden in an air traveler’s shoe to sophisticated nuclear weapons system, each having the capacity to inflict a high share of human suffering and death. The department has therefore been given a critical mandate to â€Å"mobilize and focus the resources of the federal government, state and local governments, the private sector and the American people to accomplish its mission to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recove r from attacks that do occur† (Hutton & Mydlarz, 2003). TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR HOMELAND SECURITY Understandably, the challenge assumed by the department is immense. Already since the 2001 September attacks that toppled down the New York Twin Towers, it was reported that 45 Jhadist terror attacks were planned against the United States (Avlon, 2011). Fortunately, these were prevented by proficient intelligence work, functional policing, and avid public support.

Discuss the concept of 'jurisdiction' in Article 1 of the European Essay

Discuss the concept of 'jurisdiction' in Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights - Essay Example Else , a state may control the affairs by initiating administrative or executive action, which intrudes more pervasively on the happenings of events , as by implementing its laws or through the verdicts of its courts. Jurisdiction pertains to both the internal law of each state and in the international law. The jurisdiction in international law establishes the allowable limits of a state jurisdiction in the different forms it may assume, while the jurisdiction in internal law connotes the magnitude to which, and the style in which, the state, in reality, affirms its jurisdiction. In Lotus case, the PCIJ (Permanent Court of International Justice), while briefing that international law normally allows the states â€Å"a broad initiative† of discretion in the applicability of their laws, and the jurisdiction of their courts was restricted in some cases by prohibitive rules, and it was obligatory for a state that it should not cross its limits which international law emphasises up on its jurisdiction. It may be noted that the magnitude to which the jurisdiction is a matter of limits to the exercise of authority as the subject of jurisdiction may happen not only as regard to states but also in regard to other bodies, which exert authority globally like international organisations and multinational companies1. International Jurisdictional issues happen when a state either through its court proceedings or directly try to avow its power over circumstance, property or persons, which happen or arise in abroad. If such property or persons locate in abroad, the magnitude to which the state laws are deemed to apply extra-territorially or whether the exercise of the jurisdiction engrosses any violation of the rights of other states. It is to be observed that a state’s right to assert its jurisdiction depends upon its sovereignty. In Christina 2case, Lord Macmillan held that â€Å"it is an indispensable quality of the sovereignty of a state, as of all sovereign independent nations that it should have jurisdiction over all of its properties and individuals which lie or reside within its territorial borders both in criminal and civil cases happening within these limits. Jurisdiction also includes both the privilege to exercise it within the territories of a nation’s sovereignty and an obligation to acknowledge the same right of other states. The issue or complication happens when one nation tries to punish a criminal demeanour which another nation does not consider it as an offence. There are various kinds of jurisdictions, and we can analyse the same as under: Prescriptive Jurisdiction Authority to notify rules Enforcement Jurisdiction Authority to implement regulations Legislative Jurisdiction Authority of the state to enforce obligatory laws within its province. However, there are restrictions on the â€Å"legislative dominance â€Å"of a state as if it enacts a law which in not in line with international law, then it will make i t accountable for the infringement of international law. However, a municipal court of a state has every right to give effect to its municipal law. Executive Jurisdiction The authority of a state to function within the territorial provinces of another state with prior sanction from such government. Judicial Jurisdiction The authority to municipal courts to administer cases where the foreign factor exists3. Article 1 of the European Human Rights Commission (herein after will be referred as ECHR) deals with the obligation to

European Central Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Central Bank - Essay Example Inflation is a rise in the price of goods and services within an economy which results in a decline in the purchasing power of every subsequent unit of currency and this causes a loss in the real value of exchange within an economy. The main measure of inflation is the Consumer Price Index which provides an indication of the price level of consumer goods and services which are purchased by households, business firms, the government as well as the rest of the world (in case of an open economy). The CPI in the United States is defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as â€Å"a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.† As per the current happenings within the German economy, the prices of goods and services naturally saw a hike due to the holiday season; this period mostly witnesses an increase in demand of goods and services which is met by an almost equivalent amount of supply. In order t o understand the price indices of an economy, the CPI can be understood because it helps to measure the level of increase in the prices of goods and services within the German economy, which is now being maintained at a 2.3% increase. However, this is better than the 3% that it had risen to. Most governments, especially in the European zone, had been able to recover well from the financial crisis that took place world over in 2008-2009 but the repercussions of that are lingering on as inflation in the same economies.... German consumer prices nonetheless, harmonised to compare with other European Union countries, showed a rise of 2.4 percent on the year in December, down from 2.8 percent in the previous month. The German economy took to cutting down interest rates, a primary step undertaken by any economy in the world in order to slow down the persisting amount of inflation. The resulting inflation indicates the rise in general prices for typical German consumers, and consumers investing within the economy of Germany. This entire process works according to the demand pull theory according to which interest rates within the economy need to be cut down in order to counter inflation. If the government is able to increase the rates of interest being charged on commodities being sold within the economy, then it will have a way of getting back financial resources. Low interest rates within the German economy have put more borrowing power in the hands of the consumers. Interest rates refer to the rates at which a borrower is able to borrow money in order to have greater purchasing ability. Since loans and smaller debts can be taken from the European Central Bank at lower rates, consumers have been able to increase their purchasing powers and have been thus causing the economy to slow down considerably. Due to increased spending by the consumers, the economy has witnessed a growth and expansion which has almost led in the demand outpacing the supply. The holiday season witnesses a peak in consumer shopping and indulging in goods and services more than any other period because of increased and extremely affordable tours and travels. If the demand rises faster than the supply within the economy

Hitler's Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hitler's Germany - Essay Example This essay will assess whether Hitler’s ability to appeal to the German people was the source of his power or whether his personality traits and psychological abnormalities were more significant. Hitler’s ability to appeal to the German people lay in his skills at oratory. With his words, Hitler was able to mould public opinion in his favour. As a member of the lower class strata, Hitler had the added advantage of winning over the masses who felt themselves wronged by the German authorities. He claimed himself to be one of them which created an aura of trust and respect for the man who had risen from amongst the lower class. His style appealed greatly to the working class of Germany who felt understood by this leader. Hitler’s speeches were outspoken which helped create an image of courage and bravado to his personality. The Germans needed someone to blame for their disastrous defeat and this was provided to them by Hitler. Hitler’s singular appeal through his skills as an orator also lay in the message he conveyed. He was able to define a scapegoat upon which the German people could vent their wrath for the shame they felt at their defeat in the First World War and the terms of the Versailles Treaty – namely, the Jews. Waite contends that the Fuhrer was himself a man who suffered from deep rooted feelings of inferiority and guilt; he felt that Hitler could have been suffering from a fear that his own blood was impure and that his sexuality was warped. This led him to try and over compensate by directing those feelings outwards on to other elements of society – the Jews and Communists (Mitchell, 1973:41). His views were derived from H.S. Chamberlian whose interpretation of history stated that of the three major strains that comprised mankind, two of them had been Aryan, namely the Greeks and the Aryans who created culture, while the third strain, i.e., the Semetic one, was culture destroying.

European Central Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Central Bank - Essay Example Inflation is a rise in the price of goods and services within an economy which results in a decline in the purchasing power of every subsequent unit of currency and this causes a loss in the real value of exchange within an economy. The main measure of inflation is the Consumer Price Index which provides an indication of the price level of consumer goods and services which are purchased by households, business firms, the government as well as the rest of the world (in case of an open economy). The CPI in the United States is defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as â€Å"a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.† As per the current happenings within the German economy, the prices of goods and services naturally saw a hike due to the holiday season; this period mostly witnesses an increase in demand of goods and services which is met by an almost equivalent amount of supply. In order t o understand the price indices of an economy, the CPI can be understood because it helps to measure the level of increase in the prices of goods and services within the German economy, which is now being maintained at a 2.3% increase. However, this is better than the 3% that it had risen to. Most governments, especially in the European zone, had been able to recover well from the financial crisis that took place world over in 2008-2009 but the repercussions of that are lingering on as inflation in the same economies.... German consumer prices nonetheless, harmonised to compare with other European Union countries, showed a rise of 2.4 percent on the year in December, down from 2.8 percent in the previous month. The German economy took to cutting down interest rates, a primary step undertaken by any economy in the world in order to slow down the persisting amount of inflation. The resulting inflation indicates the rise in general prices for typical German consumers, and consumers investing within the economy of Germany. This entire process works according to the demand pull theory according to which interest rates within the economy need to be cut down in order to counter inflation. If the government is able to increase the rates of interest being charged on commodities being sold within the economy, then it will have a way of getting back financial resources. Low interest rates within the German economy have put more borrowing power in the hands of the consumers. Interest rates refer to the rates at which a borrower is able to borrow money in order to have greater purchasing ability. Since loans and smaller debts can be taken from the European Central Bank at lower rates, consumers have been able to increase their purchasing powers and have been thus causing the economy to slow down considerably. Due to increased spending by the consumers, the economy has witnessed a growth and expansion which has almost led in the demand outpacing the supply. The holiday season witnesses a peak in consumer shopping and indulging in goods and services more than any other period because of increased and extremely affordable tours and travels. If the demand rises faster than the supply within the economy

Application for MBA Program at LONDON BUSINESS SCHOOL Essay

Application for MBA Program at LONDON BUSINESS SCHOOL - Essay Example n to learn leadership and management skills is the strategic decision-making process that was followed during the training session at my workplace in Power and Energy sector in India – Thermal and Hydro. At that time I was attached to a 2640MW Thermal power project where I took the lead on the acquisition of 2050 acres of land. My major role in this project was to obtain clearance of the project from every department under Central and the State Government, such as, Environment and Forest, Pollution, Civil Aviation, Defence. I had to make them understand the requirements of the project and also arrange finance in forma of debt or equity for the completion of the project. It enhanced my career goals and I got the opportunity to build strong leadership qualities. Along with my current experience, I participated in various trainings to shore up my communications, people development, business operations skills that enabled me to become a dynamic leader. I felt the need to broaden my horizon and understand various aspects of organizational culture, governance and the importance of globalization to stand out in the competitive business environment. My commerce degree and management exposure have secured a senior executive position in the organisation. Henceforth, a LBS EMBA program will prepare me to undertake more senior responsibilities (Director of Strategy & Innovation) by 2016. Being a leading Infrastructure company, Navayugahas made significant inroads into developing a strategic foray into Africa through multi modal projects that envisages bringing in South African coal to meet the needs of 14,000 MWs of coal fired projects that are coming up in the close proximity of the co-operated Krishnapatnam port. Being part of the business development team in recognising and now getting close to realising this opportunity, my organization is promoting talent development and opening opportunities for key resources to take the company to the next level. I believe I can

Negative Effects of Problem Gambling Essay Example for Free

Negative Effects of Problem Gambling Essay Gambling is an ever-increasing problem which presently affects around 5% of the population, over one per cent of whom will suffer a lifetime of extreme problem gambling1. Despite the profound and detrimental way in which gambling affects society and individuals, it fails to be recognised as a severe psychological illness. It is constantly devalued by the government who are captivated by the capital generated by forms of gambling such as the lottery and, since 1962, have lessened regulations which insured gambling, and therefore the difficulties it incurs, escalate. Gambling as an addiction can be as destructive and have as many adverse effects as excessive drug use or alcohol intake. However, the telltale signs of a gambling addiction are comparatively non-existent, unlike the noticeable physical changes which occur when someone has consumed immoderate amounts of alcohol or drugs. Thus, gambling is often referred to as the hidden addiction. As well as outlining the characteristics of someone who may be labeled a problem gambler, the following essay will detail the often catastrophic effects this behaviour can have on the individual and the entire community. A problem gambler is characterised as someone whose incessant gambling has resulted in psychological, financial, emotional, marital, legal or other difficulties for themselves and those around them. The impact of this addiction is unquestionably greater than the obvious financial losses that can result from repeated gambling and as the addiction progresses, the consequences can be devastating. Unlike alcoholism or substance abuse, problem gambling is not easily detected, yet for the victim, is just as uncontrollable. For these people, gambling is no longer a recreational activity, or even an attempt to rationally balance risk and reward, but a serious problem. There are several warning signs illustrated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders2 which are indicative of a gambling problem. Secretive behaviour such as hiding lottery tickets and betting slips, lying to family members and therapists as a means of hiding the extent of gambling involvement. Evidently, damage, dependence and loss of control, all of which are to be expected as gambling involvement prevails, dominate the life of a problem gambler. For centuries, the impacts of problem gambling have been known and none have described the negative effects as aptly as Jean Barbeyrac in his 1737 works Traite du Jeu: I do not know if there is any other passion which allows less of repose and which one has so much difficulty in reducing the passion of gambling gives no time for breathing The more one plays the more one wishes to play; it seems that gambling had acquired the right to occupy all [the gamblers] thoughts The most famous of all problem gamblers was Russian novelist Dostoevsky who was described as being, Powerless in the clutches of his terrific gambling mania, which blunted his sense of moral responsibility as effectively as extreme alcohol addiction could,3 effectively illustrating how gambling can override every aspect of the victims existence. For the individual, the negative impacts of gambling far outweigh the few advantages; the pleasure evoked by the infrequent win, for example, is eradicated by the more significant loss which often follows. A gambling fixation can affect every area of the victims life. If the addiction goes unnoticed, it is common for the isolated gambler to avoid external resources, choosing to deal with problems alone or denying their existence, thus provoking feelings of guilt, anxiety, fear and ultimately, severe depression, withdrawing from society completely and severely lacking in self-esteem. Gambling often goes hand-in-hand with other addictions; a gambler may turn to drugs or alcohol for solace, unaware these will contribute to and aggravate existing problems4. Unsurprisingly, problem gamblers frequently suffer from gastro-intestinal disturbances and insomnia, problems which are likely to intensify as the victim spirals further into debt. Excessive gambling has drastic effects on employment and finances as participants gamble their lives away. Those at the height of their addiction repeatedly borrow and steal, often from family and friends, in an attempt reverse their losses. Convincing themselves that theft will allow them to win back their money and thus, their livelihood, they are ignorant to the fact this can never be achieved and is more likely to cause further problems in their work and familial relationships. A Canadian survey carried out in 19945 confirmed how destructive the effects of excessive gambling could be. Over half of the 400 participants admitted to spending over $100 monthly on gambling, with around 23% spending from 80 to 200% of their annual salary on their obsession. An astonishing 55% had obtained money through illegal means while 62% admitted to acquiring money from relatives. A great number of gamblers were found to let their habit interfere with their work. Absence was a regular occurrence, while most problem gamblers behaviour and concentration at work was gravely affected by their preoccupation, leading a third of those surveyed to lose their jobs, whether through theft, lack of productivity or continued absence due to entire days spent at casinos. While those surrounding the problem gambler are susceptible to the effects of gambling, the victim himself is most vulnerable and in extreme cases, will attempt suicide. With the success rate alarmingly high, there is no doubt that in serious cases, problem gambling can prove fatal.

The Weakness Of Relying On Income Per Capita Economics Essay

The Weakness Of Relying On Income Per Capita Economics Essay Income per capita is how much money each person earns in average in a particular time. It is used to indicate the economy for an area and to evaluate the living standards and the quality of life for different countries, nations or regions. It is usually measured by dividing the national income of a country, which is the entire income of all the people arising from a countrys gross domestic product (GDP), by the entire population of the country. Income per capita= total personal income of a country/ the entire population of the country For example, lets suppose there is a city where 1,000 people are making $200 per year and 100 people earning $1 million per year so the income per capita is ($200x1000people)+($1 million x 100people) / 1100 = $91,091. b) The weakness of relying on income per capita Income per capita is a very useful tool to assess the wealth of a nation, especially when comparing to other nations. By using income per capita, we can compare the economic well being of an individual in the country or the living standards between countries or the living standards within country overtime. Yet, it has a number of limitations why this may not be the right tool to determine well-being for an individual country. Firstly, when using income per capita as measurement, the income distribution does not gauge precisely. Income per capita is an average. Hence, it neglects the income distribution within a country. Though the countrys GDP per capita may be very high, it may be the fact that 10 percent of the population of the country makes millions of times more than other 90 percent of the population of the country who makes little wages. It means outliers who are within the population of a country (extremely poor or rich) can have an uneven result on the overall outcome. Secondly, by looking at the example in (a), we can see clearly that income per capita does not represent the real living standards of the whole population of the city as it is the average income of a population and the income does not allocate equally among all the population of the country. Besides, income per capita neglects the consequences of inflation. Income per capita will be unnaturally overstated if the prices increase more rapidly in one country than in another. In addition, the amount of money in different countries will have different values due to the varying exchange rates. Hence, comparing income per capita country to country gives inaccurate results. It may be more appropriate to measure when comparing different years in an individual country. Whats more, just because a countrys income per capita is high doesnt mean that country is high standards of living. It may be because of working longer hours, not because of earning high salaries. The more people work, the more stress and the more workload they get. Working long hour makes the peoples stress level high and it reduces the personal leisure time which decreases the standards of living and gives less happiness in their lives. Furthermore, the values shown up at income per capita do not include the quality of the goods is another fact why GDP per capita may not be the right tool to measure the living standards of life. The output may probably be increased. However, the goods which are being produced are of poor quality, therefore the quality of living standards may still not be getting better. Finally, real GDP does not take account of externalities which are third party costs that do have an effect on living standards of the population, for instance, congestion and pollution. These pose costs on third parties and represent real opportunity costs for them, reducing their effectiveness disposable income, and hence living standards. Congestion, pollution and other negative externalities have obviously harmful effects on wellbeing. The time spent ill, results less working days and it cuts output, and moreover, the time being sick is an opportunity cost to leisure time. c) Factors that need to be included when using income per capita When comparing income per capita between countries, we have to have a common base measure to compare income per capita in different countries to get more accurate result. To compare income per capita among countries, the input data which are gathered in the local currency has to be converted to the common base currency being used for the comparison, for example, US dollars. The problem of money inflation, which is mentioned in question (b), can be overcome by the use of money deflator by using a price index and therefore, the real per capita income is being compared and a better result of relative standard of living is deduced. In addition, income per capita doesnt show how a countrys income is disturbed and it also neglects about environment, human freedom and the value of leisure. As a result, one must also take into account other factors providing, such as longevity and peoples health, the distribution of income, the quality of environment, access to education and many more to examine the real quality of life in different countries. All of the above factors need to be considered when using income per capita to assess differences in well-being among countries to make sure that meaningful comparisons are accomplished. d) Human Development Index The Human development Index (HDI) is a standard means of measuring well-being. It is used to point out the impact of economic measures on quality of life. To assess the different countries living standards based on the fall and rise of incomes within that country, for instance, income per capita, is not an accurate way of determining that countrys development. There are a number of more important factors which should be assessed to get the real standard quality of life, for example, how healthy people are, what their potential is as a human beings and how the environment in which they are living is. For the purpose of giving a more comprehensive measure of well-being in both social and economic variables among countries, the HDI has developed as an alternative way to measure other aspects of human developments. The basic concept of HDI is to assess the development of a country through people of a country being healthy, being educated and having good standards of living. The person whether having healthy lifestyle is measured by life expectancy. The life expectancy determines the normal lifetime of the people of a certain region. It is also an aspect for assessing the physical life quality of a certain region. Being educated is one of the features in measuring HDI which is assessed by adult literacy and enrollment in primary, middle and high school level. Having good standards of living is measured by purchasing power parity, PPP and income. HDI is not a complete measure of development of countrys well-being. It does not take in important indicators, for instance, respect for human rights, inequality and democracy. However, by using HDI, governments are able to assess countrys well-being against other countries in a better way instead of just focusing success on money statics and it gives a broadened view of the progress of human and the complex link between well-being and income. Question 2 (a) Deflationary gap takes place when the equilibrium level of income is less than the full employment income. Expansionary monetary policies should be carried out to overcome the deflationary gap of an economy. Normally, in this case, a central bank will raise the supply of money to solve the problem of deflationary gap by means of reserve requirements and/or providing lower interest rates. Expansionary monetary policy, in reserve, allows banks to hold only a small amount of the total assets. Therefore, cash withdrawal can be available immediately and banks keep only a small amount of the total assets and the rest is put in liquid assets in the forms mortgages and loans. By reducing the reserve requirements, the funds of loan available are increased and it makes the money supply rise. By giving lower interest rates it encourage people and firms to borrow money and investment will rise. As the money supply increases, people will consume more goods and services. As the expansion of business cycle gets underway, wealth gets higher and this will head to a multiplied increase in national income. (b) Inflationary gap occurs when there is too much demand in the economy and it takes place when the equilibrium level of income goes over the full employment income. The inflationary gap can be controlled by implementing the deflationary fiscal policy. It could be done by raising taxes in some form and/or by reducing government spending. Either of these will slow down the economy level of demand and will help to reach the equilibrium level of economic growth. Deflationary fiscal policy will probably increase the tax on expenditures which lead to increase prices and discourage people from spending too much, or it may increase the tax on income that will make people less money so that they can stop people from spending so much and this will have a multiplied effect on national income. (c) Question 3 a. (i) Marginal utility Utility is a persons total satisfaction that obtained from when a customer consumes a good or service. Marginal utility is an additional satisfaction which one person acquires from using one additional unit of a good or service. As marginal utility concept is used by economists to examine how much units of good or service a customer will purchase, it is an essential economic concept. If the use of goods and services of an extra unit maximizes the total utility, it is positive marginal utility. It is a negative marginal utility if the use of goods and services of an additional unit minimizes the total utility. a. (ii) Demand curve for good Y The following diagram illustrates a demand curve D of an individual normal good Y, where P means the price charged for each unit of normal good Y and Q refers to the quantity demanded. The point a which intercept vertically of the demand curve demonstrates the highest price for each unit of good Y that a person is willing to pay. a. (iii) According to the demand curve above, the individual is prepared to pay an amount of a for the first unit of consumption of good Y. since the demand curve for a normal good slopes downwards, the individual is prepared to pay less and less for consumption: their marginal valuation of the good falls with consumption. Under certain assumptions this marginal valuation (the height of the demand curve) can be thought of as a measure of marginal utility. (Note: as Q increases, the individuals marginal valuation falls and hence marginal utility falls the principle of diminishing marginal utility. b. (i) Price elasticity of demand According to law of demand, a drop in price of goods increases the demand of goods. A measure of how much percentage of a good quantity demanded responds to changes of price of that good is price elasticity of demand. If the demand of a good responds considerably to changes in price, demand for a good is elastic. If the demand of a good responds only a bit to changes in the price, then demand for a good is inelastic. In formula, b. (ii) Given: % change in quantity demand of good Z= (200-100)/100 x100 = 100 % change in price of good Z= (5-10)/10 x 100 = -50 Therefore, price of elasticity of demand of good Z= 100/50 = -2 c. (i) The following diagram shows a linear demand curve and the associated marginal revenue curve for a monopolist. The quantity demanded Q which is on the horizontal axis and the price P, on the vertical axis shows a linear demand curve, D for a good. Given that demand is linear, marginal revenue, MR is also linear and has twice the slope: the horizontal intercept of the demand curve, a, is twice that of the marginal revenue curve, a/2. c. (ii) the demand curve has unit elasticity nd = -1 at the point where marginal revenue is equal to zero. The inelastic and elastic regions of the demand curve are those points to the right and left of this point.

The Strange Utopia of The Giver :: Giver Essays

The Strange Utopia of The Giver Imagine living in a world where you can't choose your job, where at the age of twelve you are assigned an occupation by some group of elders. Imagine a world in which you can't choose that special person to be your wife or husband, a world where nobody is special. Visualize a place where you can't have your own children, where you have to take care of somebody else's children. In The Giver by Louis Lowry, this place exists every day. It's a perfect world, a utopia. A job is, for many people, one of the most important parts of their life. If it's so important, you have to enjoy it, and to enjoy it, you have to choose it yourself. In this "utopia," created in The Giver you don't get to do that. Other people choose the activity you are going to do for the rest of your life. For example, Fiona was assigned Caretaker of The Old, a job she really wanted, but don't you think that maybe later in her life, she could change her mind and not want to do her job anymore? She can't do that because she lives in a world where she doesn't have a choice, where she can't run her own life. "You have the power to think what you want. No matter what the circumstance is." No one can tell you what to think, you have a mind of your own, and repressing your thoughts won't do any good at all. I want to give you a quote from the book. " I heard about a guy who was absolutely sure he was going to be an engineer and instead he was assigned sanitation laborer. He jumped into the river and swam to the closest community, no one saw him again." This demonstrates that the elders can be wrong. People defending Sameness can say that all the jobs are made for the people getting them and that they will like them and be an active part of the community. I am going to respond to that with a life story. Before I was twelve, all I wanted to do is be an architect.

The Factors Affecting The Working Capital Requirements Accounting Essay

Why does budgeting so of import for an organisation. It is a planning and commanding agencies for an administration. This tool works successfully merely when it is implemented with due concern. The budget is non merely a cost supervising method but besides an built-in portion in footings of planning and control parts of an administration. It ever aims to accomplish organisational ends and besides motivates the human resources concerned. The manner of assemblage required information and so choosing an appropriate budgetary system is indispensable for the success of budgetary system. The effectual budgetary attack is one that a state of affairs where the single aims & A ; ends match the organisational aims & A ; ends. It is called end congruity. To guarantee end congruity it is a requirement to guarantee monolithic engagement of supervisory degree in the direction procedure. There are different types of budgets to get by with different patterns. An organisation may utilize a conventional budgetary system and may sometime demand to exchange over to another budgetary system to run into its demands. It is non a simple undertaking to ask for alteration in a budget system. An organisation has to confront certain complexnesss in the signifier of hindrances to alter by the employee of the organisation, alterations necessary in the current support system due to alter in its budgetary system. The degree of truth in gauging the grosss & A ; costs in the budget period is vastly of import for a successful budget. There are a figure of statistical techniques which may be suited in calculating the hereafter figures to be accommodated in budgets. The rule of budgeting is to give direction an thought of how a company is run intoing their ends, whether or non the disbursals are in line with budgeted degrees, and how good controls are working. Appropriately used, budgeting can and should increase incomes, cut down unneeded outgo, and obviously defines how instant stairss can be taken to do bigger markets ( Thomsett, 1988, p. 5 ) . In order to achieve this, direction demands to build a budgeting system, the major aims of which are to ( Viscione, 1984, p. 42 ) : Set acceptable marks for grosss and disbursals. Increase the chance that marks will be reached. Provide clip and chance to explicate and measure options should obstacles arise. As budgeting procedure is really intricate, it comes as no amazement that budgets are seeking to carry through several maps such as ( Harper, 1995, p. 321, and Churchill, 1984, p. 162 ) : Planning, Controlling, Co-ordinating, Instructing, Authorizing, Motivating, Performance measurement, Decision Making, Delegating, Educating, Better Management of Subordinates etc. In the horizon of this study I would wish to discourse two different attacks of budgeting i.e. ( I ) Traditional Budgeting & A ; ( two ) Rolling Budgets & A ; prognosissTraditional Budgeting:In the traditional attack to budgeting and budgeting controls the system of developing a program against the factors which may act upon the budget of the following twelvemonth. There are so many organisations that use traditional budgeting, which give them an thought to calculate for the coming twelvemonth and do non necessitate altering durinthe budget cyclele. Companies treat traditional budgeting suited with simpler coordination of budget premises for different divisions. However with the transition of clip and alterations go oning in the concern, companies raise complain that the traditional budgeting is non accommodating with their demands. The major unfavorable judgment on traditional budgeting is due to: Unsuitable step they are either really simple or really complex Not flexible with altering concern state of affairss The budget is falsely timed either excessively short or excessively long It is considered really political Rolling Budgets and prognosiss: A rolling/continuous budget is such a program that is continually updated & A ; the clip frame remains changeless while the existent period covered by the budget adjusted. Practically, as each month base on ballss, the one twelvemonth uninterrupted budget is expanded by one month, so there is ever a annual budget in topographic point. In the peal budget, directors have to re-think the procedure and do alterations each month. The result of this is normally a more right, up-to-date budget suiting the most recent information ( Horngren, Foster, Datar, 2000, p. 182 ) . This approach- Encourages directors to believe & amp ; re-think sing planning as an on-going procedure, it is non a inactive event. An chance to give more â€Å" existent clip † response to rapidly altering concern state of affairs. In theory, the annually planning procedure is eradicated ; the projection for following twelvemonth is the first peal anticipation. Planing is non stated by the calendar, but can be generated by important events and alterations. As rolled budgets are equipped with the close experience by taking into consideration the current period, they are rationalized with the recent alterations. Rolling budgets are continually updated with the current events, this facilitates in minimising the running discrepancies. Rolling budgets are the most appropriate signifier of budget for organisations which are working in a tentative ambiance, where future events can non be predicted faithfully. Based on the treatment stated above it would be easy to urge the most suited budgetary attack under the undermentioned two scenarios. Scenario-1: One of the concerns operates in a really stable and inactive market topographic point, where there is small alteration in either merchandises or demand twelvemonth on twelvemonth. In this scenario we can easy foretell about future concern state of affairs. Upon historical record we can integrate necessary alterations in the budgetary procedure. As the market scenario does non alter often there is no necessity to integrate rapid alterations in the budgetary system. As per above premise we can rede the organisation to follow the traditional attack to budgeting & A ; budgetary control. Scenario-2: One of the concerns operates in a really dynamic, quickly altering, advanced environment, where there is rapid alteration in either merchandises or demand twelvemonth on twelvemonth. In this scenario we can non easy predict about future concern state of affairs. Upon historical record we can non integrate necessary alterations in the budgetary procedure. As the market scenario changes often there is a necessity to integrate rapid alterations in the budgetary system. To make so, the directors of the organisation need to believe & amp ; re-think sing planning as an on-going procedure & A ; besides need to react rapidly as alterations concern state of affairs. So, the annually planning procedure is eradicated. The projection for the following twelvemonth is the first peal anticipation. Rolling budgets and prognosiss need to be furnished every month or every one-fourth, alternatively of annually as before, which amplified work and costs linked to budgeting. As per above premise we can rede the organisation to follow the peal budget & A ; prognosiss approach to budgeting & A ; budgetary control. Through the planning procedure under this attack is clip devouring, turn overing budget must be suited for such type of concerns.Decision:There are many unfavorable judgments have come from experts. Budgeting theory has been really effectual in analytical jobs and supplying equal solutions linked to budgeting systems. Sometimes, the results of budgeting analysis have been conflicting and ill-defined, but in general upper limit recommendations have been incorporated & amp ; verified in existent scenarios. What I personally have observed really few companies even today use a flexible budgetary system and do a clear difference between governable & amp ; non-controllable disbursal when measuring their executives or directors. It can be freely mentioned that traditional budgeting is still non dead or wholly disused as it is still has been used in the bulk companies all over the universe. Nevertheless, most of them are likely to recognize that precisely the same budgeting theoretical account can non be used in the twenty-first century. Business environment scenarios are no longer sane and budgeting systems must go more antiphonal to the exact demand of consumers & A ; demands arise from the competition. Answer to the Question no. 02 Here XYZ Limited is a medium sized fabrication company which industry & A ; sells its merchandises to different industrial clients who use its merchandises in their ain production line. The typical on the job capital of a fabrication company includes its hard currency, history receivables, three degree stocks as natural stuff, work-in-progress & A ; finished goods and history payables. Now I am advised to describe on how each portion of the on the job capital rhythm could be improved and how it will critically measure the deductions of the developments on XYZ and other dependant clients. To make so, I would wish to discourse all the specifics of working capital rhythms of a fabrication company. The on the job capital rhythm means how efficient a company is at change overing hard currency into merchandises and back into hard currency once more. We can state a company with a really efficient capital rhythm confirms the competitory advantage over a company with an abysmal on the job capital rhythm. To give a better image of working capital rhythm let us say a company has a immense hard currency capital and it spends the hard currency to buy natural stuffs. Then the finished nutrient has been sold. As we are populating in a recognition universe so we have non received hard currency immediately. So, monies can be delinquent to purchasers & A ; Sellerss as trade receivables & A ; trade payables severally. So the on the job capital rhythm requires uniting the period of the stock list or gross revenues degree every bit good as hard currency recovery from clients.Critical tools of working capital rhythm:Working Capital Cycle = INVDOH+ ARDOH – APDOH Here, INVDOH= Inventory Days on Hand= ( Inventory/COGS ) *365 ; This ratio measures how many yearss stock list of a company remains on manus. The lower figure of yearss stock list shows a company possesses strong gross revenues or the demand to increase stock list degrees. In contrary to this the higher figure of yearss stock list shows the company possesses a low gross revenues place. ARDOH= Account Receivables Days on Hand = ( Account Receivables/Credit Gross saless ) *365 ; This ratio measures the figure of yearss it takes to have payments from clients. The lower figure yearss receivables show a company is pull offing its receivables expeditiously. APDOH= Account Payables Days on Hand = ( Account Payables/COGS ) *365 ; This ratio measures the figure of yearss it takes to pay its providers or sellers. The figure of yearss to pay varies by organisation and by industry. Each and every company wants to hold suited payment footings to guarantee liquidness at an optimal degree but does non desire to incur delinquent measures and fees.The Factors Affecting the Working Capital Requirements of an Organization:1 ) Fictional character or nature of Business: The working capital demand is related to the nature and size of the concern. In organisations where the cost of natural stuffs will be used in the fabrication of a merchandise is immense in per centum of its entire cost of industry. In this context the working capital demands will be big. Contrary to this organisation holding immense investings in fixed plus need lesser sum of working capital. 2 ) Volume or Size of Business & A ; scope of Operationss: The demands of working capital of an organisation are straight influenced by the volume of its concern which may be shown in footings of a scope of operations. The greater the size of a concern concern, by and large higher will be the demands of working capital. 3 ) Policy of Production: A concern marked by articulating cyclicality in its sale may prosecute a production policy that may cut down the fluctuations in demands of working capital. For illustration an Air conditioner maker may keep stable production throughout the twelvemonth instead than beef uping the production activity at the clip of the extremum concern season. Such determination may cut down the fluctuations in the demands of working capital. 4 ) Manufacturing Procedure: In a fabrication concern, the working capital demands addition in proportion to the length of the fabrication procedure. The longer the procedure clip of fabrication, the larger is the demand of working capital. 5 ) Variations in Supply: In the seasonal industries the natural stuffs are non available throughout the twelvemonth. Those industries had to purchase natural stuffs in majority at the clip of choice season to do certain an uninterrupted flow and production procedure than during the full twelvemonth. 6 ) Credit Availability: If any house awarded recognition on flexible footings it will necessitate less working capital as it can ever pay to creditors subsequently and vice-versa 7 ) Inventory: In the concern like sugar industry, one requires to hive away a immense sum of natural stuffs and finished merchandises because of its sensualness. The concerns are non able to sell whole finished goods, and so more on the job capital to be required. 8 ) Working Capital Cycle: In a fabrication company, the working capital rhythm begins with the purchase of natural stuff and stops with the realisation of hard currency from the gross revenues returns. The working capital demands find how rapidly the on the job capital rhythm completes one rhythm i.e. , longer the period of the on the job capital rhythm greater is the demands of working capital. 9 ) Stock Turnover rate: The sum of working capital and the velocity with which gross revenues are performed is reciprocally related. A house holding a higher rate of stock list turnover will necessitate lower sums of working capital comparing to a house holding a lower rate of turnover. 10 ) Business growing rate: The demands of working capital of a company addition with the growing and development of its concern activities.How on the job capital rhythm affects an organisation:Now I will seek to do understand how on the job capital demand varies with alterations of different specifics of balance sheet & A ; income statements. Let us see the undermentioned information collected from three Old ages fiscal statements of XYZ Limited.Particulars2010 ( $ )%2011 ( $ )%2012 ( $ )%Current AssetAAAAAACash 795 3.1 585 2.6 427 2.0 A/R 7873 30.4 6693 30.0 7298 34.7 Inventory 10025 38.7 7982 35.7 6695 31.8Entire CA1869372.11526068.31442068.5Fixed AssetAAAAAALand & A ; Building 2660 10.3 2660 11.9 2660 12.6 Machinery & A ; Eqp. 3463 13.4 4135 18.5 4519 21.5 Gross FA 6123 23.6 6795 30.4 7179 34.1 Acc. Dep. 1508 5.8 2187 9.8 2786 13.2Net Fa461517.8460820.6439320.9Due from Military officers 37 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Intangible Assetss 2583 10.0 2470 11.1 2245 10.7Entire Assetss25928100.022338100.021058100.0AAAAAAACurrent LiabilitiessAAAAAASTL 9113 35.1 7142 32.0 4813 22.9 Current Part of LTD 690 2.7 1255 5.6 1137 5.4 A/P 4572 17.6 3784 16.9 4124 19.6 Accrued Expenses 465 1.8 421 1.9 481 2.3Entire CL1484057.21260256.41055550.1Long Term LiabilitiesAAAAAALong Term Debt 3258 12.6 3483 15.6 2840 13.5 Deferred Income Tax 305 1.2 0 0.0 283 1.3Entire Long Term Liabilities356313.7348315.6312314.8Stockholders ‘ EquityAAAAAACommon Stock 1890 7.3 1890 8.5 1890 9.0 Retained Net incomes 5635 21.7 4363 19.5 5490 26.1Entire Stockholders ‘ Equity752529.0625328.0738035.0AAAAAAAEntire liabilities & A ; Net Worth25928100.022338100.021058100.0AAAAAAAGross saless32388100.036993100.040960100.0Cog 23913 73.8 25565 69.1 25885 63.2 Depreciation 515 1.6 573 1.5 733 1.8Gross Net income796024.61085529.31434235.0Operating ExpensesAAAAAASG & A ; A 6830 21.1 9493 25.7 11360 27.7 Amortization 260 0.8 252 0.7 225 0.5 Traveling & A ; Other Expenses 425 1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0Entire Operating Expenses751523.2974526.31158528.3Net Operation Net income4451.411103.027576.7AAAAAAAInterest Expense 617 1.9 747 2.0 1002 2.4EBT-172-0.53631.017554.3Income Tax Expenses ( Credit ) -230 -0.7 -305 -0.8 322 0.8Net Income580.26681.814333.5AAAAAAADividend PaidAA1940A306AFrom the information mentioned above we can cipher the undermentioned ratios:Ratios2010 ( $ )2011 ( $ )2012 ( $ )Working Capital 3853.0 2658.0 3865.0EfficiencyAAAINVDOH 153.0 114.0 94.00 ARDOH 89.00 66.0 65.0 APDOH 70.00 87.00 54.00 Working Capital Cycle 172 yearss 93 yearss 105 yearssProfitablenessAAAGross Profit Margin 24.6 29.3 35.0 Operating Net income Margin 1.4 3.0 6.7 Net Net income Margin 0.2 1.8 3.5 Remarks: If we analyze the above result we will see that the on the job capital demand in 2010 was US $ 3853 and working capital rhythm was 172 yearss. But in 2011 the concern made immense development in working capital rhythm i.e. it reduced ARDOH for 23 yearss, INVDOH for 39 yearss and increased APDOH for 17 yearss and as such it reduced its on the job capital rhythm for 79 yearss and this development straight reduced its working capital demands i.e US $ 2658 in 2011. Again it fails to keep on the job capital rhythm that degree in 2012 and so its working capital demands besides increased up to US $ 3865.